It is well-established that disturbance and, in particular, logging, influence the tree diversity and species composition of tropical rain forests. But how strong is this influence? Is it possible to predict how tree diversity and composition will develop in response to logging? Can we “know” which species are likely to benefit from disturbance and which will suffer? This book reviews the evidence based on studies from a number of countries. These questions were addressed by comparing long-term studies of tree diversity in a range of sites in the world.